Ledum marsh shoots - description of the drug, instructions for use, reviews. Ledum marsh Description of the dosage form

Trade name of the drug: Ledum marsh shoots

Dosage form:

Chopped shoots

Compound:

Ledum marsh shoots

Characteristic
Ledum marsh shoots contain essential oil, flavone glycosides and other biologically active substances.

Description
Pieces of stems, leaves and fruits. Color green, dark green, orange-brown, grayish-brown. The smell is pungent and specific.

Pharmacotherapeutic group
Expectorant of plant origin.

pharmachologic effect
An infusion of wild rosemary has an expectorant effect and has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and hypotensive properties; has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system and myometrium.

Indications for use
Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by a cough with difficult-to-discharge sputum (bronchitis, tracheitis, etc.).

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the drug, pregnancy, period breastfeeding, age up to 18 years.

Directions for use and doses
About 10 g (2 tablespoons) of wild rosemary are placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml (1 glass) of hot boiled water, cover with a lid, heat in a boiling water bath with occasional stirring for 15 minutes, cool at room temperature for 45 minutes, filter, squeeze out the remaining raw materials. The volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted boiled water up to 200 ml.
Take orally warm, 1/3-1/4 cup 2-3 times a day.
It is recommended to shake the infusion before use.

Side effect
Possible allergic reactions, dizziness, increased nervous excitability, irritability; when taking high doses, symptoms of excitation or depression of the central nervous system.

Interaction with other drugs
It is not recommended to simultaneously prescribe an infusion of wild rosemary shoots with antitussive medications.

Release form
30 g, 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g, 60 g, 75 g, 100 g of crushed shoots in cardboard packs with an inner bag.
The full text of the instructions is printed on the pack.

Storage conditions
In a dry place, protected from light; prepared infusion - in a cool place for no more than 2 days.
Keep out of the reach of children!

Best before date
3 years.
Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
Over the counter.

Manufacturer/Complaint Receiving Organization
OJSC "Krasnogorskleksredstva"
Russia, 143444, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, microdistrict. Opalikha, st. Mira, 25

The use of wild rosemary in folk medicine limited for a number of reasons. Firstly, the plant is poisonous, as warned by its sharp, specific, sickening smell. This is evidenced by the generic name of the culture in Latin laedere, which literally means “to harm.”

Secondly, the plant is not easy to find, despite the fact that it grows crowdedly and often forms dense thickets. Its habitat is limited to swampy marshy places, peat bogs, sphagnum bogs surrounded by coniferous forests. Found in the tundra, Siberia, and central Russia.

And thirdly, even proximity to plants of other crops causes the accumulation of wild rosemary essential oils in them. There are known cases of poisoning with honey collected from the flowers of the plant. And blueberries, which often coexist with shrubs in swampy thickets, adsorb volatile essential components and acquire an intoxicating effect.

Features of wild rosemary

However, the wild rosemary plant is still used for medicinal purposes. Moreover, at the beginning of the twentieth century, Soviet scientists conducted studies of its composition and medicinal properties. Observations have shown that when used carefully, following the recipe and dosage of the drugs, they do not have a toxic effect.

Description

Marsh rosemary. Botanical illustration from the book “Bilder ur Nordens Flora” by K. A. M. Lindmann, 1917-1926.

So, what is wild rosemary? This is a shrub from the genus of evergreen heather plants. It reaches a height of a meter, less often it grows up to one and a half. It is distinguished by erect stems; young shoots are pubescent with brown bristles. The leaves are sparse, long, with a pointed edge, hanging down.

When asked what wild rosemary looks like, herbalists answer: look for the plant with the most pronounced smell and upward-pointing shoots. You probably won't go wrong. Then you can note its other features. For example, small white flowers that gather at the very top of the shoots into compact “panicles”. When wild rosemary blooms, such “panicles” crown each shoot over two years old. This happens in May - July. By August, fruits are formed - compact boxes of oblong, oval shape, which quickly open.

Collection and preparation

The description of the bog rosemary allows you to accurately identify the plant. But not all of its parts are suitable for collection. Herbalists are interested in stems, leaves and partially fruits, if they are located on the shoots. The young shoots of wild rosemary have the greatest value; medicinal properties higher due to the higher content of essential oils. Avoid collecting two and three year old shoots.

Harvesting is done by hand, breaking off young stems. The bush cannot be pulled out by the roots, otherwise the plant will die. Caution should be exercised at harvesting sites: the bushes from which medicinal raw materials are collected must be given three to five years to fully recover.

To dry, the stems are laid out in a layer of up to fifteen centimeters in a well-ventilated room, under a canopy. The temperature in the dryer should be forty degrees. The stems must be turned daily until they dry completely. Follow safety precautions and do not inhale the saturated vapors of the plant in a confined space.

Compound

The herb wild rosemary is interesting for its chemical composition. To date, it has been well studied. Leaves, shoots and fruits retain a stable, specific odor even after harvesting, which indicates the preservation of essential oils in them even after drying. Indeed, their volume decreases by about twenty percent during harvesting and remains at this level for two to three years.

Essential oil. Its concentration in young stems reaches nine percent. Contains organic compounds such as ledol, palustol, cymene, geranyl acetate. Main active ingredient is ice, which has an expectorant and relaxing effect.
Glycoside arbutin. It has an antiseptic effect and inhibits the growth of pathogenic microflora. Particularly effective against Staphylococcus aureus.
Flavonoids. Plant substances that improve vascular tone, reduce their permeability, and improve the health of the blood supply system.
Tannins. They have an astringent, hemostatic effect.

The younger the shoots, the higher the concentration of active substances. The use of wild rosemary herb is based on the use of the medicinal qualities of essential oil and glycosides.

Application of wild rosemary

The plant has been used in folk medicine since the sixteenth century. It is especially widespread in Germany and Sweden, where it is used to treat various diseases internal organs, skin.

It began to be used in Russia in the 19th century. Academician A.P. Krylov described the practice of its use in the treatment of whooping cough in 1912. A little later, Professor A.P. Tatarov reported the high effectiveness of the cough suppressant in the treatment of acute bronchitis, bronchial asthma.

According to Soviet scientists, treatment with wild rosemary does not have an addictive effect, so it can be taken for years as a supportive agent for asthma, for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Indications for its use are all diseases of the respiratory system accompanied by cough syndrome.

In 1945, scientist N.N. Dyakov outlined several more important characteristics medicine, which made it possible to recommend it for the treatment of bronchial asthma. It has an antiallergic effect and moderately reduces blood pressure, therefore it is most effective in people with cough syndrome and hypertension.

The studies carried out made it possible to determine the scope of wild rosemary, contraindications and indications for its use, instructions for its use.

Anti-cough. The infusion is recommended for diseases of the respiratory system, accompanied by a painful, paroxysmal cough. Used for whooping cough, bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis.
From high blood pressure . The drug dilates blood vessels and reduces blood pressure, an increase in which is typical for diseases with cough syndrome.
Skin antiseptic. It has a negative effect on pathogenic microflora of the skin, in particular on staphylococcus colonies. Accelerates wound healing, disinfects, reduces the risk of inflammation.

The specific composition of the plant and its toxic properties when the dosage is exceeded allow “traditional healers” to recommend it for abortion; reviews from doctors about such use are very categorical. It is unacceptable to use wild rosemary in gynecological practice and to stimulate miscarriage. Severe intoxication of the body is possible.

When coughing, take an infusion of the plant in water.

Preparation

Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a teaspoon of crushed raw materials.
Leave to sit for eight hours.
Strain.

An oil infusion of the herb is used as a means to heal wounds and disinfect skin rashes.

Preparation

Mix two tablespoons of crushed raw materials with five tablespoons of vegetable oil in a metal bowl.
Cover with a lid and place on a hot surface (electric stove, oven).
Leave for twelve hours, strain.

Lubricate inflamed skin areas and wounds with this composition.

If the dosage is observed, wild rosemary has no contraindications; it can be included in your home pharmacy as an expectorant that alleviates respiratory diseases. It will also help in the treatment of skin diseases and hypertension.

In case of an overdose, the patient experiences extreme irritability, alternating with states of apathy. An overdose requires immediate medical attention.

– Ledum palustre L.

Description
A winter-green, strongly fragrant shrub from the heather family, 20–125 cm high. The rhizome is usually immersed in moss and can reach a length of 10 m. Young shoots are covered with rather thick red pubescence. Leaves are alternate linear-oblong or linear, 2–4 cm long, 1.5–4 mm wide, overwintering, dense, with entire edges rolled up to the underside, dark green above, shiny, below, especially along the midrib, pubescent red hairs. The flowers are five-petalled, rather large, collected at the ends of the branches in multi-flowered thyroid inflorescences; petals are bright white, almost ovoid, 4–8 mm long. The fruits are oblong-oval dark, slightly pubescent capsules, up to 5 mm long. The leaves have an intoxicating odor and cause headache.
It blooms in late May - early June, the seeds ripen in August.
In medicine, young leafy shoots (grass) of wild rosemary are used. In particular, they are used to obtain the drug ledin.

Distribution and habitats
Marsh wild rosemary is often found in raised and transitional bogs of the Kostroma region. This is a light-loving plant of peat and peaty soils. Its thickets are confined to swampy, loosely closed sphagnum pine forests along the edges of the swamps and along the depressions between the sandy ridges of the left banks of the Kostroma, Nemda, Unzha and Vetluga rivers. Together with wild rosemary, Cassandra and blueberries usually grow here in significant quantities, forming associations of dwarf shrub-sphagnum and dwarf shrub-long-moss pine forests. In these habitats, wild rosemary forms fairly large clean thickets that are of commercial importance. The main areas of commercial wild rosemary thickets are located in Manturovsky, Sharya, Makaryevsky, Kadyysky, Kostroma and Neysky districts. In the region, the annual procurement of at least 20 tons of dry wild rosemary raw materials is possible. About 100 kg of raw materials of this type are prepared annually.
The yield of freshly harvested wild rosemary varies from 54 to 342 g/m2, projective coverage ranges from 5 to 62%. The yield of wet weight of medicinal wild rosemary with 1% of the projective cover of the thicket is on average 8 g/m2. Ledum thickets are restored both vegetatively and by seed, but the vegetative method clearly predominates.

Procurement of raw materials and their characteristics
Ledum can be harvested throughout the growing season. Although the leaves of young shoots have a higher content of essential oil, it is preferable to harvest wild rosemary herb (as indicated in the instructions for collecting and drying it) in August and September, during the ripening phase of rosemary fruits, when its shoots of the current year are fully developed. You can harvest wild rosemary at any time of the day.
Young (current year's growth) leafy, non-lignified shoots up to 10 cm long are subject to collection. Harvesting of woody shoots is not allowed, although leaves of not only the current, but also the previous year are practically used in raw materials. It is not allowed to pull out rosemary shoots with roots, as this leads to the death of its thickets. The breaks in wild rosemary harvesting in the same area should be at least 8 years, after the complete restoration of its thickets.
Dry the raw materials in attics with good ventilation, under a tiled, slate, iron roof or under sheds, spreading it in a thin layer (5–7 cm) on fabric or paper and turning it over periodically. Drying under shelters usually lasts 10–14 days. Can be dried in dryers at a temperature of 40°C, but not higher than 60°C. After drying, lignified leafless stems and impurities are removed. Due to the toxicity of wild rosemary, all work on collecting and drying its raw materials is recommended to be carried out in respirators or gauze bandages for no more than 2-3 hours a day.
According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (11th ed.), the finished wild rosemary raw material is a mixture of its leafy shoots, leaves and a small amount of fruits. The smell is sharp, specific, the taste cannot be determined. Moisture should be no more than 14%; total ash no more than 4%, ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid no more than 1%; last year’s woody grayish-brown stems no more than 10%; organic impurity no more than 1%; mineral impurities (earth, sand, pebbles) no more than 0.5%; essential oil not less than 0.1%. The raw materials intended for the production of ledin must contain at least 0.7% essential oil, and ledol in it - at least 17%. Raw materials are packaged in bales of 50 kg. Store on racks in a cool, dry place. Due to its toxicity, it is stored with caution (according to list B), separately from other raw materials. The shelf life of raw materials is 3 years.

Chemical composition
The most important component of wild rosemary raw material is essential oil. It is found in all parts of the plant except the roots. The stems contain very little essential oil (0.17%), and the leaves are approximately twice as large as the leafy young shoots. The content of essential oil in wild rosemary raw materials varies significantly (from 0.2 to 2%), as does its chemical composition. The raw materials of wild rosemary from different regions of the USSR differ especially significantly in the content of its main active ingredient – iceol. Thus, the essential oil of wild rosemary, growing in the northern and central regions of the European part of the RSFSR, contains 23–25% iceol, the essential oil of wild rosemary from the Tomsk region contains only 4%, and the essential oil of wild rosemary, growing on the island of Sakhalin and in the Sayan Mountains, contains There is no iceol in the oil at all.

Application
The biological activity of wild rosemary depends primarily on the content of essential oil, which has a moderate local irritant effect on the mucous membranes, an antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of the bronchi, and enhances the secretion of the bronchial glands. The total pharmacological effect is manifested in the expectorant, enveloping and antitussive effects of wild rosemary.
The drug Ledin, obtained from the essential oil contained in the leafy shoots of wild rosemary, has pronounced antitussive and bronchodilator properties. The antitussive effect of Ledin occurs 15–20 minutes after oral administration and lasts for 2.5–3 hours. Ledin does not depress respiration, counteracts allergic bronchospasm, and does not affect blood pressure and intestinal smooth muscles.
Leafy shoots of wild rosemary in the form of an infusion are used for diseases of the respiratory system, and also as a diuretic, disinfectant and antiseptic.
An overdose of wild rosemary can cause serious side effects (excitement, and in severe cases, depression of the central nervous system). If patients experience irritability, dizziness, increased excitability and allergic reactions, wild rosemary preparations should be discontinued immediately.

To prepare an infusion of wild rosemary herb, place 5–10 g (1–2 tablespoons) of crushed shoots in an enamel bowl, add 200 ml (1 glass) of hot boiled water, cover with a lid and heat in boiling water (in a water bath) for 15 minutes, cool for 45 minutes, squeeze out the remaining mass. Boiled water is added to the resulting infusion to the original volume (200 ml). The prepared infusion is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. Take warm, 1/4 cup 2-3 times a day after meals as an expectorant and antitussive for chronic bronchitis and other lung diseases accompanied by cough.

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Other names: Common wild rosemary, Flea grass, Gryaznyuk.

Diseases and effects: chronic bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma, bronchopneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus.

Active substances: essential oil, palustrol, ledol, cymol, geranyl acetate flavonoids (quercitrin), organic acids, vitamins, resinous substances, tannins, glycoside arbutin, phytoncides.

Time to collect and prepare the plant: June - September.

Botanical description of wild rosemary

Marsh wild rosemary is an evergreen shrub 50-200 cm high of the heather family (Ericaceae).

Bush straight, very fragrant. The branches are covered with reddish-brown glandular pubescence.

Root ramified.

Leaves in the upper part they are dark green, shiny, arranged alternately, leathery, with small yellowish glands, on short stalks, linear-oblong with edges curved downwards, below - reddish, woolly, 25-35 mm long and 3-5 mm wide.

Flowers regular, white, located on long pubescent pedicels, collected at the top of the stem and branches in the form of multi-flowered shields.

Fetus- oval, five-celled box, multi-seeded.

Ledum blooms in May-August. The taste is bitter-spicy, reminiscent of camphor.

There are many different types of wild rosemary. In the Far East alone, four species of wild rosemary grow, but only one of them is wild rosemary- officially recognized as a medicinal plant.

Marsh rosemary- to a certain extent, a “prefabricated” look. T.P. Berezovskaya (1961), referring to the works of taxonomists, writes about the existence of three morphological forms of wild rosemary: L. Palustre L. var. vulgare ( regular), L. palustre L. var. angustum ( narrow-leaved) and L. palustre L. var. dilatatum ( broadleaf).

Questions of taxonomy within the species of wild rosemary are of no small importance for medicine, since different forms of the plant may have different pharmacological effects.

The medical and pharmaceutical literature usually states that wild rosemary, in addition to tannins and a small amount of arbutin glycoside, it contains up to 2% essential oil, the main components of which are sesquiterpene alcohols ledol and palustrol. Meanwhile, according to T.P. Berezovskaya (1961, 1962), in angustifolia In the form of wild rosemary there is no ice. This is important to consider, since it is ice that is credited with such significant effects of wild rosemary as expectorant and antispasmodic.

Distribution and habitat of wild rosemary

Marsh wild rosemary grows in moss and peat bogs and in humid forests in the form of massive thickets.

The plant's distribution areas are northern Russia, Siberia, Far East and partly Ukraine

Harvesting wild rosemary

Young leafy non-lignified shoots of the plant are harvested. Usually their length does not exceed 10 cm. They are harvested during the flowering of the plant. However, it is recommended to harvest shoots with leaves in June.

In wet weather, shoots are dried in heated rooms or in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C. In dry weather they can be dried in the attic. Well-dried shoots of wild rosemary break easily.

When drying, you need to take into account that the volatile essential oil of wild rosemary is poisonous and can cause headaches even in a person who finds himself among the thickets of this bush in windless hot weather, therefore, in order to avoid poisoning, you should not stay for a long time in the room in which the prepared shoots of the plant are drying. The smell of the leaves is balmy, strong, intoxicating.

Chemical composition of wild rosemary

Ledum herb contains essential oil, which includes volatile substances - palustrol, ledol, cymol, geranyl acetate, etc., which have a bitter-pungent taste and balsamic odor. The plant also contains flavonoids (quercitrin), phytoncides, organic acids, vitamins, resinous and tannin substances, and the glycoside arbutin.

Pharmacological properties of wild rosemary

The properties of the aerial part of the plant depend on the content of essential oil, which, when administered intragastrically, is partially released through the mucous membranes of the respiratory organs. Released through the bronchi, volatile, biologically active compounds of wild rosemary have a moderate local irritating effect on the mucous membranes, enhance the secretion of the bronchial glands and increase the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract. The antispasmodic effect of wild rosemary preparations on the smooth muscles of the bronchi was also noted. High antimicrobial activity is manifested in a pronounced bacteriostatic effect.

The total pharmacological effect is due to the expectorant, enveloping and antitussive properties of wild rosemary.

Ledum has a stimulating effect on the higher parts of the central nervous system. The plant has a diuretic and disinfectant effect, depending on the excretion of essential oil in the urine through the kidneys in unchanged form and due to the total effect on urinary tract arbutin glycoside and essential oil.

Application of wild rosemary

Ledum has been known as a remedy since the 15th century. It is widely used in folk medicine and homeopathy.

The herb of wild rosemary in the form of infusions and as part of complex preparations is used for diseases of the respiratory system, as well as as a diuretic, disinfectant and antiseptic.

As an expectorant and antitussive, wild rosemary preparations are prescribed to patients with acute and chronic bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, and whooping cough. There is clinical experience with the use of wild rosemary in complex treatment bronchial asthma and bronchopneumonia. Ledum preparations promote the release and dilution of sputum, accelerate its evacuation, soften cough, and have an antibacterial effect.

The ability of wild rosemary to dilate blood vessels and reduce blood pressure was experimentally determined.

Essential oils of wild rosemary have a bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus.

The ability of the plant to accelerate the healing of damaged epithelium of the cornea has been revealed (Poluektova, 1962).

Makhlayuk V.P. (1967) writes that in Western Ukraine, wild rosemary infusion is drunk during outbreaks of epidemic diseases as a preventative measure. In addition, it is used externally for insect bites and stings, for bruises and frostbite. According to A.P. Nechaev (1960), in Nanai folk medicine wild rosemary is used for stomach diseases.

Ledum preparations have a detrimental effect on insects and ticks. In this regard, they are used for fumigating rooms, treating pets and livestock.

Contraindications when using wild rosemary

Marsh wild rosemary is a rather poisonous plant. There are known cases of people being poisoned by wild rosemary honey (“drunken” honey). An infusion of the herb of this plant, even in recommended doses, sometimes causes increased drowsiness, excitement, and in severe cases, depression of the central nervous system. Therefore, it should not be taken by people whose work requires intense attention and quick reaction to changes in the environment (for example, transport drivers).

If patients experience even mild irritability, dizziness, or increased excitability, wild rosemary medications should be discontinued immediately.

Dosage forms of wild rosemary, method of application and dosage

Infusion of wild rosemary herb(Infusum herbae Ledi palustris): 10 g (2 tablespoons) of raw materials are placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml (1 glass) of hot boiled water, cover with a lid and heat in boiling water (in a water bath) for 15 minutes, cool for 45 minutes at room temperature, the remaining raw materials are squeezed out. The volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted to 200 ml with boiled water. The prepared infusion is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days.

Take warm, 1/4 cup 2-3 times a day after meals as an expectorant and bactericidal agent for chronic bronchitis and other lung diseases accompanied by cough.

Available in packs of 100 g. The herb is stored in a dry, cool place.

Collection No. 188
Used for bronchitis. According to the method of preparation and use - inhalation.